What is the primary role of the 'retaining valve' in an air brake system?

The primary role of the retaining valve in an air brake system is to keep some air in the brake cylinder after the brakes have been released. This function is crucial because it prevents the brake shoes from completely retracting away from the wheels, which can help maintain a certain level of braking force when needed. By retaining this air, the valve helps ensure that the brakes can quickly engage again when the engineer applies them, thereby making the braking system more responsive.

Maintaining this residual pressure in the brake cylinder can also help overcome any potential slack in the brake linkage and provide a more immediate application of the brakes if needed. This aspect of design contributes to the overall efficiency and safety of the braking system during train operations.